UPMC Expert: The Role of Genetics in Breast Cancer Risk

By: Susan Branton, M.D.
UPMC Magee-Womens Breast Health Center
Genetic testing to discover ancestry is common practice and sometimes discovering your family history can reveal unexpected connections, new storylines, and a world of new relatives. But, there’s another benefit for some specific types of genetic testing. The genes you inherit can help doctors determine your cancer risk, including your risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
Everyone has a unique genetic code that is a combination of genes from their parents. Mutations or changes in certain genes can increase the likelihood that certain cells could become cancerous. Pancreas, thyroid, colon, bone, breast, ovarian, soft tissue, and melanoma are cancers that possibly can be linked with genetic mutations. Mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are specifically linked to breast and ovarian cancer. People with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry have a higher incidence of having the BRCA gene mutation. African American women who have a higher rate of estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer also have higher rates of the BRCA1, BRCA2, and another gene called PALB2 that is linked to breast cancer.
So where do you start? At age 18, women should begin talking to their family doctors about their breast and ovarian cancer risks. Important factors that could impact your risk include your age at menses, age at first childbirth, weight, lifestyle, and genetic or family history.






























