Bradley Giannotti, M.D.
UPMC Orthopaedic Care

Many people claim they can sense an approaching storm because their joints begin to ache. For those with arthritis or other inflammatory conditions, cold weather can intensify discomfort in already vulnerable areas. Joint pain is commonly blamed on weather changes, and some doctors believe there may be more joint pain on cold, rainy days. However, research on this connection remains inconclusive.

How Weather May Affect Joints

While each person’s experience of pain is unique, the following factors are often linked to how weather impacts joints:

• Barometric Pressure: A drop in air pressure can affect joints, especially in people with arthritis. As the cartilage that cushions the bones wears away, nerves in exposed bones may become sensitive to changes in pressure. Additionally, lower barometric pressure can cause inflamed areas—such as the knees, hips, and hands—to swell. This often coincides with increased humidity or precipitation, further contributing to discomfort.
• Cold Temperatures: Cold weather can change blood flow, as the body redirects warmth to vital organs like the heart and lungs, leaving joints colder and more prone to stiffness. Lower temperatures also thicken the fluid inside joints, which can make them feel stiffer and more uncomfortable.
• Decreased Activity: Cold or bad weather tends to limit outdoor activity, causing joints to stiffen due to inactivity. Movement is important for keeping joints limber, so even when confined indoors, it’s important to find ways to stay active.

How to Reduce Joint Pain

Even though science doesn’t definitively link weather to joint pain, many people feel increased discomfort during colder months. Moving to a warmer climate might seem appealing, but there are more accessible ways to manage joint pain:

• Maintain Good Health: Eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and managing weight can all reduce joint stress. Losing even a few pounds can significantly ease joint pain.
• Take Vitamins: Vitamin D deficiency is common in winter, which may worsen joint pain. Supplements like vitamin D or fish oil (rich in omega-3 fatty acids) can help reduce inflammation and improve joint function.
• Stay Active: Low-impact exercises, such as using a stationary bike, can improve blood flow and reduce stiffness. Stretching also helps maintain flexibility and warms up joints before activity, lowering the risk of injury.
• Use Heat Therapy: Warm water can soothe aching joints. Try taking a hot bath, using a heating pad (for no longer than 20 minutes), or swimming in a heated pool. When venturing outside in the cold, protect your joints by wearing layers. Knee sleeves or gloves can help keep vulnerable areas warm.
• Take Anti-Inflammatory Medication: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen or aspirin, can help manage pain and reduce inflammation. Consult your doctor for advice on proper dosage and frequency.
• Cold Therapy: For inflamed joints, applying an ice pack can reduce swelling and provide relief.
• Get a Massage: Massaging the muscles around your joints can help relax the area and reduce discomfort.
• Be Cautious Outdoors: Cold weather increases the risk of slipping on icy surfaces. Wear sturdy footwear and walk carefully to avoid falls that could further damage your joints. Avoid heavy lifting, as it can strain already painful areas.

If joint pain persists or worsens, it may be time to consult an orthopedic specialist. They can help identify the underlying cause and recommend a treatment plan tailored to your needs. Treatment options might include physical therapy, surgery, or lifestyle adjustments.

Bradley Giannotti, M.D., is an orthopaedic surgeon and sees patients at UPMC Cole, 1001 East 2^nd St., Coudersport. To make an appointment with Dr. Giannotti or one of the UPMC Orthopaedic Care providers in Coudersport or Bradford, call 814-274-5320. To learn more about UPMC Orthopaedic Care services in northcentral Pa., go to UPMC.com/OrthoNCPA.